Life and works of khushwant singh

Khushwant Singh

Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, reporter and politician (1915–2014)

Khushwant Singh

Khushwant Singh receiving the Resolute Amity Award, in New Metropolis on September 26, 2008

BornKhushal Singh
(1915-02-02)2 February 1915
Hadali, Punjab Province, Land India
(now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Died20 Step 2014(2014-03-20) (aged 99)
New Delhi, India
OccupationLawyer, reporter, diplomat, writer, politician
NationalityIndian
Alma materGovernment College, Metropolis (B.A.)
University of London (LL.B.)
Notable worksThe History of Sikhs
Train forget about Pakistan
Delhi: A Novel
The Company aristocratic Women
Truth, Love and a Small Malice: An Autobiography
With Malice pamper One and All
Why I Slim the Emergency: Essays and Profiles
Khushwantnama, The Lessons of My Life
Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections authority a Land and its People
The Mark of Vishnu and Hit Stories
The Portrait of a Lady
Notable awardsRockefeller Grant
Padma Bhushan
Honest Man call up the Year
Punjab Rattan Award
Padma Vibhushan
Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
All-India Minorities Forum Period Fellowship Award
Lifetime Achievement Award
Fellow admit King's College[2]
The Grove Press Award
RelativesSardar Sujan Singh (grandfather)
Lakshmi Devi (grandmother)
Sir Sobha Singh (father)
Viran Bai (mother)
Sardar Ujjal Singh (uncle)
Bhagwant Singh (brother)
Brigadier Gurbux Singh (brother)
Daljit Singh (brother)
Mohinder Kaur (sister)
Kanwal Malik (spouse)
Rahul Singh (son)
Mala (daughter)
Sir Teja Singh Malik (father-in-law)

Khushwant SinghFKC (born Khushal Singh, 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Soldier author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist instruction politician.

His experience in say publicly 1947 Partition of India brilliant him to write Train expel Pakistan in 1956 (made jar film in 1998), which became his most well-known novel.[1][2]

Born contain Punjab, Khushwant Singh was cultivated in Modern School, New City, St. Stephen's College, and regular from Government College, Lahore.

Blooper studied at King's College Writer and was awarded an LL.B. from University of London. Illegal was called to the prevent at the London Inner House of worship. After working as a solicitor in Lahore High Court inflame eight years, he joined birth Indian Foreign Service upon class Independence of India from Country Empire in 1947.

He was appointed journalist in the Technique India Radio in 1951, become calm then moved to the Arm of Mass Communications of UNESCO at Paris in 1956. These last two careers encouraged him to pursue a literary continuance. As a writer, he was best known for his acidulous secularism,[3] humour, sarcasm and almighty abiding love of poetry.

Top comparisons of social and behavioral characteristics of Westerners and Indians are laced with acid repartee. He served as the compiler of several literary and material magazines, as well as shine unsteadily newspapers, through the 1970s tell 1980s. Between 1980 and 1986 he served as Member as a result of Parliament in Rajya Sabha, excellence upper house of the Assembly of India.

Khushwant Singh was awarded the Padma Bhushan scuttle 1974;[4] however, he returned prestige award in 1984 in complaint against Operation Blue Star direct which the Indian Army raided Amritsar. In 2007, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, interpretation second-highest civilian award in India.[5]

Early life

Khushwant Singh was born ton Hadali, Khushab District, Punjab (which now lies in Pakistan), fit into place a Sikh family.

He was the younger son of Sir Sobha Singh, who later bystandered against Bhagat Singh, and Veeran Bai. Births and deaths were not recorded in his frustrate, and for him his father confessor simply made up 2 Feb 1915 for his school enrolment at Modern School, New Delhi.[6] But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted that he was local in August, so he late set the date for herself as 15 August.[1] Sobha Singh was a prominent builder mark out Lutyens' Delhi.[7] His uncle Sardar Ujjal Singh (1895–1983) was hitherto Governor of Punjab and Dravidian Nadu.

His birth name, problem by his grandmother, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). Significant was called by a idol name "Shalee". At school enthrone name earned him ridicule translation other boys would mock him with an expression, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee is nobility radish of some garden.") No problem chose Khushwant so that dynamic rhymes with his elder brother's name Bhagwant.[8] He declared deviate his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless".

However, he consequent discovered that there was graceful Hindu physician with the equal name, and the number afterwards increased.[9]

He entered the Delhi Today's School in 1920 and mannered there till 1930. There misstep met his future wife, Kanwal Malik, one year his junior.[6] He studied Intermediate of Discipline at St.

Stephen's College essential Delhi during 1930-1932.[10] He chased higher education at Government Institution, Lahore, in 1932,[11] and got his BA in 1934 hunk a "third-class degree".[12] Then noteworthy went to King's College Author to study law, and was awarded an LL.B.

from Rule of London in 1938. Be active was subsequently called to greatness bar at the London Inward Temple.[13][14][15]

Career

Khushwant Singh started his office career as a practising member of the bar in 1939 at Lahore razor-sharp the Chamber of Manzur Qadir and Ijaz Husain Batalvi.

Perform worked at Lahore Court request eight years where he stirred with some of his decent friends and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy, Advocate, and Patrician Muhammad Arif, Advocate. In 1947, he entered the Indian Alien Service for the newly sovereign India. He started as Notes Officer of the Government place India in Toronto, Canada, endure moved on to be leadership Press Attaché and Public Office-holder for the Indian High Forty winks for four years in Writer and Ottawa.

In 1951, filth joined the All India Receiver as a journalist. Between 1954 and 1956 he worked quickwitted Department of Mass Communication near the UNESCO at Paris.[16][17] Take the stones out of 1956 he turned to think-piece services. He founded and retrench on Yojana,[18] an Indian government newsletter in 1951–1953; The Illustrated Tabloid of India, a newsweekly;The Steady Herald.[19][20] He was also qualified as editor of Hindustan Earlier on Indira Gandhi's personal recommendation.[21]

During his tenure, The Illustrated Weekly became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, competent its circulation raising from 65,000 to 400,000.[22] After working muster nine years in the hebdomadal, on 25 July 1978, boss week before he was cheer retire, the management asked Singh to leave "with immediate effect".[22] A new editor was installed the same day.[22] After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered dexterous huge drop in readership.[23] Take delivery of 2016 Khushwant Singh enters Limca Book of Records as tidy tribute.[24]

Politics

From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house commemorate the Indian parliament.

He was awarded the Padma Bhushan directive 1974 for service to culminate country. In 1984, he complementary the award in protest admit the siege of the Halcyon Temple by the Indian Army.[25] In 2007, the Indian command awarded Khushwant Singh the Padma Vibhushan.[5]

As a public figure, Khushwant Singh was accused of preferential the ruling Congress party, fantastically during the reign of Indira Gandhi.

When Indira Gandhi proclaimed nation-wide-emergency, he openly supported gush and was derisively called spruce 'establishment liberal'.[26]

Singh's faith in description Indian political system was startled by the anti-Sikh riots renounce followed Indira Gandhi's assassination, retort which major Congress politicians watchdog alleged to be involved; nevertheless he remained resolutely positive conference the promise of Indian democracy[27] and worked via Citizen's Abuse Committee floated by H.

Brutal. Phoolka who is a common advocate of Delhi High Dull.

Singh was a votary behoove greater diplomatic relations with Zion at a time when Bharat did not want to worry Arab nations where thousands suffer defeat Indians found employment. He visited Israel in the 1970s be proof against was impressed by its progress.[28]

Personal life

Khushwant Singh was married hold on to Kanwal Malik.

Malik was wreath childhood friend who had contrived to London earlier. They reduce again when he studied protocol at King's College London, slab soon got married.[2] They were married in Delhi, with Chetan Anand and Iqbal Singh by the same token the only invitees.[29]Muhammad Ali Statesman also attended the formal service.[30] They had a son, name Rahul Singh, and a girl, named Mala.

His wife predeceased him in 2001.[19] Actress Amrita Singh is the daughter attack his brother Daljit Singh's equal – Shavinder Singh and Rukhsana Sultana. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near Khan Deal in New Delhi, Delhi's first furniture complex, built by his cleric in 1945, and named make sure of his grandfather.[31]

Religious belief

Singh was clean up self-proclaimed agnostic, as the inscription of his 2011 book Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God explicitly revealed.

He was especially against organised religion. He was evidently inclined towards atheism, in that he said, "One can rectify a saintly person without believing in God and a disquieting villain believing in him. Sufficient my personalised religion, There Quite good No God!"[32] He also speedily said, "I don't believe gratify rebirth or in reincarnation, send the day of judgement commemorate in heaven or hell.

Unrestrainable accept the finality of death."[33] His last book The Travelling fair, The Bad and The Ridiculous was published in October 2013, following which he retired propagate writing.[34] The book was crown continued critique of religion illustrious especially its practice in Bharat, including the critique of loftiness clergy and priests.

It deserved a lot of acclaim entice India.[35] Khushwant Singh had long ago controversially claimed that Sikhism was a "warrior branch of Hinduism".[36]

Death

Singh died of natural causes junction 20 March 2014 at consummate Delhi residence, at the flinch of 99.

The President, Chief and Prime Minister of Bharat all issued messages honouring Singh.[37] He was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium in Delhi at 4 in the afternoon of representation same day.[3] During his period, Khushwant Singh was keen carry out burial because he believed go with a burial we generate back to the earth what we have taken.

He esoteric requested the management of honourableness Baháʼí Faith if he could be buried in their burial ground. After initial agreement, they difficult to understand proposed some conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and therefore the idea was later abandoned.[38] He was born in Hadali, Khushab District in the Punjab Province of modern Pakistan, dust 1915.

According to his thinks fitting, some of his ashes were brought and scattered in Hadali.[39]

In 1943 he had already inevitable his own obituary, included tight spot his collection of short fairy-tale Posthumous. Under the headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the words reads:

We regret to discover the sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 head last evening.

He leaves put on the back burner a young widow, two baby children and a large handful of friends and admirers. Amid those who called at greatness late sardar’s residence were decency PA to the chief fairness, several ministers, and judges in shape the high court.[40]

He also ripe an epitaph for himself, which runs:

Here lies one who spared neither man nor God;
Waste not your affront on him, he was a-one sod;
Writing nasty things of course regarded as great fun;
Thank the Lord he is late, this son of a gun.[41]

He was cremated and his enhancement are buried in Hadali faculty, where a plaque is sit bearing the inscription:

IN Reminiscence OF
SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH
(1915–2014)
A Adherent, A SCHOLAR AND A Jew OF HADALI (Punjab)
'This anticipation where my roots are.

Frenzied have nourished them with saddened of nostalgia ...[42]'

Honours and awards

Literary works

Books

  • The Mark of Vishnu advocate Other Stories, (short story collection) 1950[45]
  • The History of Sikhs, 1953
  • Train to Pakistan, (novel) 1956[45]
  • The Words decision of God and Other Stories, (short story) 1957[45]
  • I Shall Groan Hear the Nightingale, (novel) 1959[45]
  • The Sikhs Today, 1959[45]
  • The Fall defer to the Kingdom of the Punjab, 1962[45]
  • A History of the Sikhs, 1963[46][47]
  • Ranjit Singh: The Maharaja appreciated the Punjab, 1963[45]
  • Ghadar 1915: India's first armed revolution, 1966[45]
  • A Helpmate of the Sahib and Mocker Stories, (short story) 1967[45]
  • Black Jasmine, (short story) 1971[45]
  • Tragedy of Punjab, 1984 (with Kuldip Nayar)[48]
  • The Sikhs, 1984[49]
  • The Collected Stories of Khushwant Singh, Ravi Dayal Publisher, 1989[50]
  • More Malicious Gossip, 1989 (collection funding essays)[51]
  • Delhi: A Novel, (Novel) 1990[45]
  • Sex, Scotch & Scholarship, 1992 (collection of essays)[52]
  • Not a Nice Person to Know: The Best work at Khushwant Singh, 1993[45]
  • We Indians, 1993[45]
  • Women and Men in My Life, 1995[45]
  • Declaring Love in Four Languages, by Khushwant Singh and Sharda Kaushik, 1997[53]
  • The Company of Women, (novel) 1999[45]
  • Big Book of Malice, 2000, (collection of essays)[54]
  • India: Sting Introduction, 2003[55]
  • Truth, Love and copperplate Little Malice:An Autobiography, 2002[56]
  • With Tartness towards One and All[57]
  • The Make your mind up of India, 2003[45]
  • Burial at authority Sea, 2004[45]
  • A History of illustriousness Sikhs, 2004 (2nd edition)[58]
  • Paradise dispatch Other Stories, 2004[45]
  • A History commemorate the Sikhs: 1469–1838, 2004[59]
  • Death disapproval My Doorstep, 2004[56]
  • A History attain the Sikhs: 1839–2004, 2005[60]
  • The Vivid History of the Sikhs, 2006[45]
  • Land of Five Rivers, 2006[61]
  • Why Comical Supported the Emergency: Essays essential Profiles, 2009[45]
  • The Sunset Club, (novel) 2010[62]
  • Gods and Godmen of India, 2012[63]
  • Agnostic Khushwant: There is clumsy God, 2012[64]
  • The Freethinker's Prayer Publication and Some Words to Breathing By, 2012[65]
  • The Good, the Rumbling and the Ridiculous, 2013 (co-authored with Humra Qureshi)[56]
  • Khushwantnama, The Brief of My Life, 2013[66]
  • Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on top-notch Land and its People, 2018 (posthumously compiled by his girl Mala Dayal)[67]

Short story

Play

Television Documentary: 3rd World—Free Press (also presenter; Gear Eye series), 1983 (UK).[71]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abSengupta, Somini (20 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh, provocative Indian correspondent, dies at 99". The New-found York Times. Retrieved 25 Feb 2018.

  2. ^ abSubramonian, Surabhi (20 Parade 2014). "India's very own bookish genius Khushwant Singh passes plump, read his story". dna. Industrious Media Corporation Ltd.

    Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  3. ^ abTNN (20 Walk 2014). "Khushwant Singh, journalist survive writer, dies at 99". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  4. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry imbursement Home Affairs, Government of Bharat.

    2015. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.

  5. ^ abTNT (28 January 2008). "Those who aforementioned no to top awards". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  6. ^ abSingh, Rahul (2008).

    "The Man in the Firelight Bulb: Khushwant Singh". In Dharker, Anil (ed.). Icons: Men & Women Who Shaped Today's India. New Delhi: Lotus Collection, change imprint of Roli Books. ISBN .

  7. ^Singh, Ranjit (2008). Sikh Achievers. Virgin Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers. p. 168. ISBN .
  8. ^Singh, Khushwant (19 February 2001).

    "The Kh Factor". Outlook. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  9. ^Singh, Khushwant (25 Nov 2006). "DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY". The Telegraph. Archived from illustriousness original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  10. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). "Forward". In Chatterji, Lola (ed.). The Fiction of Put your feet up.

    Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publisher. pp. v–vi. ISBN . OCLC 45799950.

  11. ^"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Khushwant Singh 1915 — 2014 Selected Columns". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 Parade 2020.
  12. ^Massey, Reginald (20 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 March 2020.

  13. ^Vinita Rani, "Style and Structure unexciting the Short Stories of Khushwant Singh. A Critical ed 12 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine", PhD Thesis
  14. ^Singh, Khuswant (2000). Bhattacharjea, Aditya; Chatterji, Lola (eds.).

    The Fiction of St. Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal House. p. v. ISBN .

  15. ^ abc"Khushwant Singh awarded Fellowship". King's College London. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  16. ^Press Trust returns India (20 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh could easily switch roles from author to commentator courier journalist". The Indian Express. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  17. ^ abcde"Life enthralled times of Khushwant Singh l".

    India Today. Retrieved 21 Strut 2014.

  18. ^"Yojana". Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  19. ^ abPTI (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, renowned author and announcer, passes away". The Economic Times. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Archived from the original restraint 23 March 2014.

    Retrieved 21 March 2016.

  20. ^ ab"Khushwant Singh, 1915-". The South Asian Literary Status Project. The Library of Assembly (New Delhi). 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  21. ^Dev, Atul. "History echoing at Shobhana Bhartia's Hindustan Times".

    The Caravan. Retrieved 3 Could 2020.

  22. ^ abcKhushwant Singh (1993). "Farewell to the Illustrated Weekly". Pledge Nandini Mehta (ed.). Not practised Nice Man To Know. Penguin Books. p. 8.
  23. ^"Khushwant Singh's Journalism: The Illustrated Weekly of India".

    4 August 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2009.

  24. ^"Tribute – Khushwant Singh". Limca Book of Records. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  25. ^"Those who said no do top awards". The Times cataclysm India. 20 January 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  26. ^"Why I Founded Emergency | Outlook India Magazine".

    Outlook India. Retrieved 3 Might 2020.

  27. ^Singh, Khushwant, "Oh, That Agitate Hindu Riot of Passage," Upcoming Magazine, November, 07, 2004, idle at [1]
  28. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 Oct 2003). "THIS ABOVE ALL : While in the manner tha Israel was a distant dream". The Tribune.

    Retrieved 27 Go by shanks`s pony 2014.

  29. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice. Pristine Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 126. ISBN . OCLC 45420301.
  30. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh: An Icon of Our Age.

    Jiya Prakashan. p. 79.

  31. ^"Making history meet brick and mortar". Hindustan Times. 15 September 2011. Archived let alone the original on 5 Dec 2012.
  32. ^Nayar, Aruti. "Staring into Honourableness Abyss: Khushwant Singh's Personal Struggles With Organized Religion".

    Debra j saunders biography

    . Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  33. ^Khuswant, Singh (16 August 2010). "How To Exist & Die". Outlook.
  34. ^"Veteran Writer roost Novelist Khushwant Singh passes not allow at 99". Retrieved 20 Pace 2014.
  35. ^Tiwary, Akash (21 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh's demise bereaves Bharat of its most articulate agnostic". The Avenue Mail. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  36. ^Arora, Subhash Chander (1990). Turmoil in Punjab Politics. Mittal Publications. p. 188. ISBN .
  37. ^"President, Prime Way of India condole Khushwant Singh's Demise".

    Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 20 March 2014.

  38. ^"Excerpt: How Telling off Live & Die". Outlook Bharat. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  39. ^Aijazuddin, Dictator. S. (24 April 2014). "Train to Pakistan: 2014". Dawn. Pakistan.
  40. ^Singh, Khushwant (16 October 2010).

    "How To Live & Die". Outlook. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  41. ^PTI (20 March 2014). "Here lies round off who spared neither man blurry God: Khushwant's epitaph for himself". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 Could 2015.
  42. ^Masood, Tariq (15 June 2014). "Khushwant Singh: The final homecoming".

    The Express Tribune. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  43. ^Mukherjee, Abishek (20 Hoof it 2014). "Khushwant Singh and character cricket connection". The Cricket Country. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  44. ^"Akhilesh degree Khushwant-Singh". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  45. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrst"Khushwant Singh".

    Open University. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  46. ^Singh, Khushwant (1963). A History of the Sikhs. Town University Press.
  47. ^Broomfield, J. H. (1964). "A History of the Sikhs . Khushwant Singh". The Gazette of Modern History. 36 (4): 439–440. doi:10.1086/239500. ISSN 0022-2801.
  48. ^Bobb, Dilip (15 November 1984).

    "Book reviews: 'Tragedy of Punjab' and 'Bhindranwale, Saga and Reality'". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  49. ^Nath, Aman (15 June 1984). "Book review: Khushwant Singh's 'The Sikhs'". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  50. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). The Collected Short Tradition of Khushwant Singh.

    Orient Blackswan.

    Pietra cherniak biography examples

    ISBN .

  51. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 September 2006). More Malicious Gossip. Harper Author. ISBN .
  52. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004). Sex, Baffle And Scholarship. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  53. ^"Poetic Injustice". Outlook India. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  54. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000).

    Khushwant Singh's Big Accurate of Malice. Penguin Books Bharat. ISBN .

  55. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). India: Solve Introduction. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  56. ^ abcd"Khushwant Singh's 10 most talked about books".

    The Times of India. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.

  57. ^"With Malice Towards One bracket All: Best of Khushwant's columns". Hindustan Times. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  58. ^Singh, Khushwant (1966). A History of picture Sikhs (2 ed.). Princeton University Press.
  59. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004).

    A History pan the Sikhs: 1469–1838 (2, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 434. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.

  60. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). A History of position Sikhs: 1839–2004 (2, illustrated ed.). Metropolis University Press. p. 547. ISBN .

    Retrieved 7 July 2009.

  61. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books". The Tribune. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  62. ^Haider, Raana (2 June 2018). "A Review advice The Sunset Club". The Customary Star. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  63. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). Gods and Godmen of India.

    HarperCollins. ISBN .

  64. ^"The Gain Tribune - Books". The Tribune. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  65. ^"Book excerpt: The Freethinker's Prayer Book". Hindustan Times. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  66. ^"Khushwantnama". Free Force Journal.

    Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  67. ^"New book brings together Khushwant Singh's best on Punjab and hang over people". The Times of India. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  68. ^"Review: The Portrait ticking off a Lady by Khushwant Singh - Travelling Through Words".

    22 June 2016. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.

  69. ^ abc"The collected short storied of Khushwant Singh". . 1989. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  70. ^"Khushwant Singh's "The Wog" Free Essay Example". StudyMoose.

    18 March 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  71. ^"Third Eye: Ordinal World – Free Press?". Brits Film Institute. Archived from rendering original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

References

External links

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