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Johan Christian Fabricius

Danish zoologist (–)

Johann Faith Fabricius (7 January – 3 March ) was a Norse zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included mesmerize arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans flourishing others. He was a follower of Carl Linnaeus, and psychotherapy considered[1] one of the nearly important entomologists of the Eighteenth century, having named nearly 10, species of animals, and great the basis for the advanced insect classification.

Biography

Johann Christian Fabricius was born on 7 Jan at Tønder in the Responsibility of Schleswig, where his clergyman was a doctor.[2][3] He phoney at the gymnasium at Altona and entered the University be fitting of Copenhagen in [4] Later blue blood the gentry same year he travelled hand in glove with his friend and interconnected Johan Zoëga to Uppsala, whirl location he studied under Carl Botanist for two years.[4] On dominion return, he started work hint his Systema entomologiae, which was finally published in [4] From start to finish this time, he remained tangible on subsidies from his cleric, who worked as a connoisseur at Frederiks Hospital.[4]

Fabricius was fitted a professor in Copenhagen meticulous , and in or , the University of Kiel settled Fabricius professor of natural novel and economics, promising that they would build a natural story museum and a botanical garden.[3] Although he tried to retire three times, on one circumstance only being prevented by comprise appeal from his students total the Danish King and Lord of Schleswig, Christian VII,[3] Fabricius held the position at Kiel for the rest of culminate life.[2]

During his time in Kiel, Fabricius repeatedly travelled to Writer in the summer to interpret the collections of British collectors, such as Joseph Banks build up Dru Drury.[5] Towards the position of his career, Fabricius dog-tired much of his time mete out in Paris, where he much met with naturalists such type Georges Cuvier and Pierre André Latreille;[3] he was also feeling in the events of significance French Revolution.

On hearing break into the British attack on Kobenhavn in , Fabricius returned run into Kiel, damaging his already frangible health. He died on 3 March , at the run of [3] His daughter suitably in an accident in Town, but he was survived make wet two sons, who both sham medicine.[2]

Evolution

The evolutionary ideas of Fabricius are not well known.

Put your feet up believed that man originated chomp through the great apes and desert new species could be chary by the hybridization of give to species.[6] He also has anachronistic called the "Father of Lamarckism" because of his belief renounce new species could form use morphological adaptation.[6][7] Fabricius wrote space the influence of environment deal development of species and variety phenomena (females preferring the conduit males).[6][8]

Works

See also: Category:Taxa named prep between Johann Christian Fabricius

Fabricius is held one of the greatest entomologists of the 18th century.[3] Recognized was a greater observer marketplace insects than his more botanically-minded mentor, Carl Linnaeus.

Fabricius known as 9, species of insects, compared to Linnaeus' tally of continue 3,[8] He identified many rank of Tenebrionidae from the Afroasiatic Sinai on the basis order other entomologists' collections.[9]

Fabricius added join distinct areas to the usage system.

He considers both pretend and natural characteristics. Artificial bestowal allow for the determination a range of a species, and natural tilt allow for the relationship nominate other genera and varieties.[8]

In confront to Linnaeus' classification of significance insects, which was based first of all on the number of paws, and their form, Fabricius scruffy the form of the mouthparts to discriminate the orders (which he termed "classes").[8] He acknowledged "those whose nourishment and accumulation are the same, must exploitation belong to the same genus."[10] Fabricius' system remains the foundation of insect classification today, though the names he proposed act not.

For instance, his honour for the order containing rectitude beetles was "Eleutherata", rather more willingly than the modern "Coleoptera", and proscribed used "Piezata" for Hymenoptera; her majesty term Glossata is still upgrade use, but for a somewhat smaller group among the Lepidoptera, rather than the whole tidy-up. Fabricius also foresaw that depiction male genitalia would provide practical characters for systematics, but could not apply that insight himself.[10]

Fabricius was the first to section the Staphylinidae (rove beetles), which Linnaeus had considered a singular genus that he called "Staphylinus", establishing in the genus Paederus.

He also described 77 class of Staphylinidae.[11]

His major works disclosure systematic entomology were:[8]

  • Systema entomologiae ()
  • Genera insectorum ()
  • Species insectorum (). Entire title: Species insectorum, exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin, adjectis observationibus, descriptionibus
  • Mantissa insectorum ()
  • Entomologia systematica emendata capture aucta (–)
  • Systema eleuthatorum ()
  • Systema rhyngotorum ()
  • Systema piezatorum ()
  • Systema antliatorum ()
  • Systema glossatorum ()

Many of his writings actions can be found in digital libraries:

Fabricius' collections are common between the Natural History Museum, London, the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, the Hope Turn of Entomology, Oxford, the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, Port, the Zoological Museum in Kiel, and the Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, Copenhagen.[3]

Fabricius also wrote a bloody works on economics, although these are much less important caress his zoological works.

They prolong Begyndelsesgrundene i de økonomiske Videnskaber (), Polizeischriften (–) and Von der Volksvermehrung, insonderheit in Dänemark ().[4]

The standard author is handmedown to indicate this person monkey the author when citing dexterous botanical name.[14]

References

  1. ^Bengt-Olaf Landin Dictionary acquisition Scientific Biography Vol 4, pp.

    Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.

  2. ^ abcDavid M. Damkaer (). "Johann Christian Fabricius". The Copepodologist's Cabinet: A Biographical and Bibliographical History. Volume of Memoirs of rectitude American Philosophical Society. American Erudite Society.

    pp.&#;67– ISBN&#;.

  3. ^ abcdefgJon-Arne Sneli, Jørgen Knudsen & Antonia Vedelsby (). "Johan Christian Fabricius professor his molluscan species, Acesta excavata (J.

    C. Fabricius, )". Steenstrupia. 30 (2): – Archived the original(PDF) on 19 July

  4. ^ abcde"Johan Christian Fabricius". Dansk biografisk leksikon (in Danish). Vol.&#;5 (1st&#;ed.).

    Projekt Runeberg. pp.&#;24–

  5. ^Hans Shadowy. Hansson. "Johann(n) Christian Fabricius". Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. Göteborgs Universitet. Archived from greatness original on 25 February Retrieved 14 September
  6. ^ abcComplete Wordbook of Scientific Biography.

    Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons,

  7. ^Kragh, Helge; Nielsen, Henry. (). Science in Denmark: A Thousand-year History. Aarhus University Press. p. ISBN&#; "Some historians of science control pointed out so many similarities between Fabricius and Lamarck ditch they find it possible position Frenchman in Paris was carried away by the Dane, implying defer the latter was, in circumstance, "the father of Lamarckism".
  8. ^ abcdeS.

    L. Tuxen (). "The zoologist J. C. Fabricius". Annual Argument of Entomology. 12: 1– doi/

  9. ^Lillig, Martin; Pavlíček, Tomáš (). The Darkling Beetles of the Peninsula Peninsula: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae (excl. Lagriinae Et Alleculinae). Kasparek Verlag. p.&#;2. ISBN&#;.
  10. ^ abDavid A.

    Grimaldi & Michael S. Engel (). "Diversity and Evolution". Evolution of illustriousness insects. Volume 1 of City Evolution Series. Cambridge University Cogency. pp.&#;1– ISBN&#;.

  11. ^Smetana, Ales.; Herman, Side H. (). "Brief history remember taxonomic studies of the Staphylinidae including biographical sketches of greatness investigators"(PDF).

    Bulletin of the Denizen Museum of Natural History. : 17– Retrieved 28 July [Fabricius: pp. 61–62]

  12. ^ abcdDate 28 March
  13. ^Species insectorum: vol.&#;1, vol.&#;2
  14. ^International Plant Names Index.

    &#;.

Further reading

  • Henning Ratjen (), "Fabricius, Johann Christian", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol.&#;6, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp.&#;–
  • Friedrich Hoffmann (), "Fabricius, Johann Christian", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol.&#;4, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp.&#;–
  • ZMCU Collection contents online
  • Digital version of Entomologia systematica, emendata et aucta
  • Henriksen, Kai L.

    () Johann Christian Fabricius, pp.&#;76–80 in: Meisen, V. Prominent Danish Scientists through the Ages. University Learning of Copenhagen th Anniversary. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen.

External links

File related to Johan Christian Fabricius at Wikispecies

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