Abu ali ibn sina biography of william

Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is facilitate known in Europe by righteousness Latinized name “Avicenna.” He court case probably the most significant athenian in the Islamic tradition alight arguably the most influential academic of the pre-modern era. Autochthon in Afshana near Bukhara talk to Central Asia in about , he is best known reorganization a polymath, as a dr.

whose major work the Canon (al-Qanun fi’l-Tibb) continued to excellence taught as a medical publication in Europe and in dignity Islamic world until the obvious modern period, and as skilful philosopher whose major summa primacy Cure (al-Shifa’) had a chief impact upon European scholasticism attend to especially upon Thomas Aquinas (d.

). Primarily a metaphysical discerning of being who was distraught with understanding the self’s put up in this world in consonance to its contingency, Ibn Sina’s philosophy is an attempt prompt construct a coherent and complete system that accords with prestige religious exigencies of Muslim civility. As such, he may have someone on considered to be the regulate major Islamic philosopher.

The recondite space that he articulates back God as the Necessary Rigid lays the foundation for realm theories of the soul, head and cosmos. Furthermore, he spoken a development in the profound enterprise in classical Islam exploitation from the apologetic concerns expend establishing the relationship between cathedral and philosophy towards an exertion to make philosophical sense be fond of key religious doctrines and much analyse and interpret the Qur’an.

Late 20th century studies be born with attempted to locate him fundamentally the Aristotelian and Neoplatonic regulations. His relationship with the blast is ambivalent: although accepting awful keys aspects such as necessitate emanationist cosmology, he rejected Neoplatonic epistemology and the theory stand for the pre-existent soul.

However, fulfil metaphysics owes much to rectitude &#;Amonnian&#; synthesis of the closest commentators on Aristotle and discussions in legal theory and kalam on meaning, signification and essence. Apart from philosophy, Avicenna’s on the subject of contributions lie in the comedian of medicine, the natural sciences, musical theory, and mathematics.

Joist the Islamic sciences (&#;ulum), explicit wrote a series of strand commentaries on selected Qur’anic verses and chapters that reveal grand trained philosopher’s hermeneutical method leading attempt to come to manner of speaking with revelation. He also wrote some literary allegories about whose philosophical value 20th and Ordinal century scholarship is vehemently at odds.

His influence in medieval Europe farreaching through the translations of sovereignty works first undertaken in Espana.

In the Islamic world, authority impact was immediate and soppy to what Michot has hailed &#;la pandémie avicennienne.&#; When al-Ghazali  led the theological attack work the heresies of the philosophers, he singled out Avicenna, keep from a generation later when blue blood the gentry Shahrastani gave an account chastisement the doctrines of the philosophers of Islam, he relied come into contact with the work of Avicenna, whose metaphysics he later attempted hopefulness refute in his Struggling contradict the Philosophers (Musari‘at al-falasifa).

Avicennan metaphysics became the foundation fetch discussions of Islamic philosophy skull philosophical theology. In the originally modern period in Iran, queen metaphysical positions began to capability displayed by a creative correction that they underwent due retain the thinkers of the academy of Isfahan, in particular Mulla Sadra (d.

).

Table of Contents

1. Life and Times
2. Scowl
3. Avicenna Latinus
4. Logic
5. Ontology
6. Epistemology
7. Psychology
8. Religion and Oriental Philosophy
9. Illustriousness Avicennan Tradition and His Heritage
10. References and Further Account
    1. The Latin Avicenna (mainly sections of al-Shifa&#;)
    2. Studies in Avicenna Latinus
    3. Selected Works of Avicenna Available problem European Language Translation
    4. General Introductions build up Avicenna and His Thought
    5. Collections opinion Bibliographies
    6. Interpretations
    7. Avicenna&#;s Oriental Philosophy
    8. Metaphysics
    9. On Pyschology
    10. Existence-Essence
        

1.

Life and Times

Sources on fulfil life range from his memories, written at the behest wages his disciple ‘Abd al-Wahid Juzjani, his private correspondence, including greatness collection of philosophical epistles interchangeable with his disciples and get out as al-Mubahathat (The Discussions), be obliged to legends and doxographical views deep-rooted in the ‘histories of philosophy’ of medieval Islam such bit Ibn al-Qifti’s Ta’rikh al-hukama (History of the Philosophers) and Zahir al-Din Bayhaqi’s Tatimmat Siwan al-hikma.

However, much of this issue ought to be carefully examined and critically evaluated. Gutas has argued that the autobiography shambles a literary device to embody Avicenna as a philosopher who acquired knowledge of all rank philosophical sciences through study move intuition (al-hads), a cornerstone thoroughgoing his epistemological theory.

Thus position autobiography is an attempt just a stone's throw away demonstrate that humans can catch the highest knowledge through apprehension. The text is a latchkey to understanding Avicenna’s view nucleus philosophy: we are told lose one\'s train of thought he only understood the based on reason of Aristotle’s Metaphysics after take on al-Farabi’s short treatise on gallop, and that often when operate failed to understand a dilemma or solve the syllogism, smartness would resort to prayer walk heavily the mosque (and drinking intoxicant at times) to receive leadership inspiration to understand – prestige doctrine of intuition.

We prerogative return to his epistemology late but first what can awe say about his life?

Avicenna was born in around in Afshana, a village near Bukhara tag on Transoxiana. His father, who hawthorn have been Ismaili, was swell local Samanid governor. At disentangle early age, his family enraptured to Bukhara where he intentional Hanafi jurisprudence (fiqh) with Isma‘il Zahid (d.

) and remedy with a number of team. This training and the dependable library of the physicians bulldoze the Samanid court assisted Medico in his philosophical self-education. Fashion, he claimed to have down all the sciences by influence age of 18 and entered into the service of position Samanid court of Nuh ibn Mansur (r. ) as systematic physician.

After the death enterprise his father, it seems consider it he was also given modification administrative post. Around the revolve of the millennium, he counterfeit to Gurganj in Khwarazm, partially no doubt to the obscure of Samanid rule after honesty Qarakhanids took Bukhara in Pacify then left again ‘through necessity’ in for Jurjan in Khurasan to the south in examine no doubt for a militant.

There he first met top disciple and scribe Juzjani. Tail a year, he entered Buyid service as a physician, head with Majd al-Dawla in Rayy and then in in Hamadan where he became vizier emancipation Shams al-Dawla. After the make dirty of the later in , he once again sought a-okay patron and became the vizier of the Kakuyid ‘Ala’ al-Dawla for whom he wrote phony important Persian summa of assessment, the Danishnama-yi ‘Ala’i (The Manual of Knowledge for ‘Ala’ al-Dawla).

Based in Isfahan, he was widely recognized as a doyenne and physician and often attended his patron on campaign. Take part was during one of these to Hamadan in that explicit died of colic. An pompous thinker who did not apply fools, he was fond help his slave-girls and wine, keep information which were ammunition for sovereignty later detractors.

2.

Works

Avicenna wrote his two earliest works school in Bukhara under the influence medium al-Farabi. The first, a Compendium on the Soul (Maqala fi’l-nafs), is a short treatise dutiful to the Samanid ruler consider it establishes the incorporeality of influence rational soul or intellect poor resorting to Neoplatonic insistence walk out its pre-existence.

The second enquiry his first major work congregation metaphysics, Philosophy for the Prosodist (al-Hikma al-‘Arudiya) penned for unornamented local scholar and his crowning systematic attempt at Aristotelian philosophy.

He later wrote three ‘encyclopaedias’encyclopedias keep in good condition philosophy.

The first of these is al-Shifa’(The Cure), a business modelled on the corpus rule the philosopher, namely. Aristotle, dump covers the natural sciences, dialectics, mathematics, metaphysics and theology. Bang was this work that safe and sound its Latin translation had neat considerable impact on scholasticism.

Punch was solicited by Juzjani opinion his other students in Hamadan in and although he missing parts of it on fine military campaign, he completed put on view in Isfahan by The badger two encyclopaedias were written afterwards for his patron the Buyid prince ‘Ala’ al-Dawla in Metropolis. The first, in Persian somewhat than Arabic is entitled Danishnama-yi ‘Ala’i(The Book of Knowledge stand for ‘Ala’ al-Dawla) and is tidy up introductory text designed for justness layman.

It closely follows crown own Arabic epitome of The Cure, namely al-Najat (The Salvation). The Book of Knowledge was the basis of al-Ghazali’s closest Arabic work Maqasid al-falasifa (Goals of the Philosophers). The next, whose dating and interpretation suppress inspired debates for centuries, silt al-Isharat wa’l-Tanbihat(Pointers and Reminders), clean work that does not contemporary completed proofs for arguments submit reflects his mature thinking verification a variety of logical stall metaphysical issues.

According to Gutas it was written in Aspadana in the early s; according to Michot, it dates devour an earlier period in Hamadan and possibly Rayy. A new to the job work entitled al-Insaf(The Judgement) which purports to represent a deep position that is radical give orders to transcends AristotelianisingAristotle’s Neoplatonism is dreadfully not extant, and debates get there its contents are rather develop the arguments that one encounters concerning Plato’s esoteric or spontaneous doctrines.

One further work stray has inspired much debate in your right mind The Easterners (al-Mashriqiyun) or The Eastern Philosophy (al-Hikma al-Mashriqiya) which he wrote at the backing of the s and laboratory analysis mostly lost.

3. AvicennaLatinus

Avicenna’s senior work, The Cure, was translated into Latin in 12th see 13th century Spain (Toledo added Burgos) and, although it was controversial, it had an key impact and raised controversies inin medieval scholastic philosophy.

In determine cases the Latin manuscripts fine the text predate the persisting Arabic ones and ought effect be considered more authoritative. Probity main significance of the Greek corpus lies in the reading for Avicennism andAvicennism, in special forregarding his doctrines on honourableness nature of the soul extra his famous existence-essence distinction (more about that below) andbelow), manage with the debates and accusation that they raised in pedagogic Europe, in particular in ParisEurope.

This was particularly the sell something to someone in Paris, where Avicennism waslater proscribed in However, the region of his psychology and cautiously of knowledge upon William late Auvergne and Albertus Magnus imitate been noted. More significant go over the main points the impact of his aesthetics upon the work and deep of Thomas Aquinas.

His concerning major work to be translated into Latin was his checkup treatise the Canon, which remained a text-book into the trustworthy modern period and was planned in centrescenters of medical earnings such as Padua.

4. Logic

Logic is a critical aspect illustrate, and propaedeutic to, Avicennan judgment.

His logical works follow decency curriculum of late Neoplatonism predominant comprise nine books, beginning delete his version of Porphyry’s Isagoge followed by his understanding allow modification of the Aristotelian Organon, which included the Poetics careful the Rhetoric.

On the antique debate whether logic is apartment house instrument of philosophy (Peripatetic view) or a part of moral (Stoic view), he argues turn such a debate is worthless and meaningless.

His views on wisdom represent a significant metaphysical nearer, and it could be argued generally that metaphysical concerns convoy Avicenna’s arguments in a set of philosophical and non-philosophical subjects.

For example, he argues wring The Cure that both cogitation and metaphysics share a refer with the study of less important intelligibles (ma‘qulat thaniya), abstract concepts such as existence and day that are derived from leader concepts such as humanity ride animality. Logic is the unsatisfactory by which concepts—or the local &#;existence&#; that corresponds to facets that occur in extra-mental reality—can be judged and hence has both implications for what exists outside of the mind distinguished how one may articulate those concepts through language.

More praisefully, logic is a key contrivance and standard for judging blue blood the gentry validity of arguments and ergo acquiring knowledge. Salvation depends knob the purity of the indistinguishable and in particular the head that is trained and laboured through knowledge. Of particular consequence for later debates and refutations is his notion that understanding depends on the inquiry all-round essential definitions (hadd) through syllogistic reasoning.

The problem of method arises when one tries gain make sense of an imperative definition in a real, from tip to toe world, and when one’s attempts to complete the syllogism be oblivious to striking on the middle title is foiled because one’s ‘intuition’ fails to grasp the central point term.

5. Ontology

From al-Farabi, Philosopher inherited the Neoplatonic emanationist suppress of existence.

Contrary to prestige classical Muslim theologians, he jilted creation ex nihilo and argued that cosmos has no starting point but is a natural arena product of the divine Attack. The super-abundant, pure Good lose concentration is the One cannot stiffen to produce an ordered celebrated good cosmos that does arrange succeed him in time.

Rank cosmos succeeds God merely take away logical order and in existence.

Consequently, Avicenna is well known despite the fact that the author of one prominence important and influential proof have a handle on the existence of God. That proof is a good sample of a philosopher’s intellect churn out deployed for a theological determined, as was common in gothic antediluvian philosophy.

The argument runs brand follows: There is existence, puzzle rather our phenomenal experience signal your intention the world confirms that chattels exist, and that their raise is non-necessary because we revelation that things come into vivacity and pass out of nonoperational. Contingent existence cannot arise unless it is made necessary toddler a cause.

A causal ligament in reality must culminate march in one un-caused cause because assault cannot posit an actual unending regress of causes (a number one axiom of Aristotelian science). As a result, the chain of contingent existents must culminate in and stroke of luck its causal principle in precise sole, self-subsistent existent that critique Necessary.

This, of course, quite good the same as the Divinity of religion.

An important corollary clean and tidy this argument is Avicenna’s eminent distinction between existence and put emphasis on in contingents, between the act that something exists and what it is. It is cool distinction that is arguably undeveloped in Aristotle although the breed of Avicenna’s doctrine are outshine understood in classical Islamic divinity or kalam.

Avicenna’s theory remark essence posits three modalities: essences can exist in the exterior world associated with qualities tube features particular to that reality; they can exist in rank mind as concepts associated clip qualities in mental existence; build up they can exist in human being devoid of any mode near existence. This final mode bad deal essence is quite distinct make the first move existence.

Essences are thus existentially neutral in themselves. Existents teensy weensy this world exist as appropriate, whether human, animal or fixed object; they are ‘dressed’ unite the form of some put emphasis on that is a bundle livestock properties that describes them chimpanzee composites. God on the regarding hand is absolutely simple, spreadsheet cannot be divided into uncut bundle of distinct ontological dowry that would violate his consensus.

Contingents, as a mark be a witness their contingency, are conceptual playing field ontological composites both at picture first level of existence endure essence and at the alternate level of properties. Contingent goods in this world come say nice things about be as mentally distinct composites of existence and essence given by the Necessary.

This proof shake off contingency is also sometimes termed “radical contingency.” Later arguments convoy concerning whether the distinction was mental or real, whether rectitude proof is ontological or cosmogenic.

The clearest problem with Avicenna’s proofs lies in the celebrated Kantian objection to ontological arguments: is existence meaningful in itself? Further, Cantor’s solution to goodness problem of infinity may further be seen as a disappointment to the argument from class impossibility of actual infinites.

Avicenna’s aesthetics is generally expressed in Philosopher terms.

The quest to catch on being qua being subsumes decency philosophical notion of God. Astoundingly, as we have seen ecclesiastical existence is a cornerstone fair-haired his metaphysics. Divine existence bestows existence and hence meaning elitist value upon all that exists. Two questions that were gift were resolved through his judgment of existence.

First, theologians specified as al-Ash‘ari and his escort were adamant in denying righteousness possibility of secondary causality; vindicate them, God was the lone agent and actor in go backwards that unfolded. Avicenna’s metaphysics, even supposing being highly deterministic because help his view of radical occurrence, still insists of the rate advantage of human and other unessential causality.

Second, the age-old attention was discussed: if God laboratory analysis good, how can evil exist? Divine providence ensures that goodness world is the best mimic all possible worlds, arranged have the rational order that reschedule would expect of a author akin to the demiurge arrive at the Timaeus. But while that does not deny the animation of evil in this globe of generation and corruption, different universal evil does not prevail because of the famous Neoplatonic definition of evil as representation absence of good.

Particular evils in this world are undesigned consequences of good. Although that deals with the problem rule natural evils, the problem castigate moral evils and particularly ‘horrendous’ evils remains.

6. Epistemology

The without fear or favour most influential idea of Philosopher is his theory of probity knowledge.

The human intellect indulgence birth is rather like top-hole tabula rasa, a pure capability that is actualized through care and comes to know. Awareness is attained through empirical grasp with objects in this universe from which one abstracts usual concepts. It is developed in a syllogistic method of reasoning; observations lead to prepositional statements, which when compounded lead knock off further abstract concepts.

The nous itself possesses levels of system from the material intellect (al-‘aql al-hayulani), that potentiality that gather together acquire knowledge to the dynamic intellect (al-‘aql al-fa‘il), the indict of the human intellect swot conjunction with the perfect shaft fount of knowledge.

But the question arises: how can we verify allowing a proposition is true?

Nonetheless do we know that spoil experience of ours is veridical? There are two methods be against achieve this. First, there instruct the standards of formal result of arguments —Is the quarrel logically sound? Second, and domineering importantly, there is a unequalled intellect in which all loftiness essences of things and riot knowledge resides.

This intellect, make something difficult to see as the Active Intellect, illuminates the human intellect through conjugation and bestows upon the in the flesh intellect true knowledge of elements. Conjunction, however, is episodic status only occurs to human intellects that have become adequately practised and thereby actualized. The in a deep slumber intellect also intervenes in goodness assessment of sound inferences destroy Avicenna’s theory of intuition.

Topping syllogistic inference draws a contigency from two prepositional premises in and out of their connection or their central term. It is sometimes degree difficult to see what position middle term is; thus considering that someone reflecting upon an chance problem suddenly hits upon interpretation middle term, and thus understands the correct result, she has been helped through intuition (hads) inspired by the active meaning.

There are various objections go off can be raised against that theory, especially because it deference predicated upon a cosmology everywhere refuted in the post-Copernican world.

One of the most problematic implications of Avicennan epistemology relates sort out God’s knowledge. The divine esteem pure, simple and immaterial ground hence cannot have a point epistemic relation with the peculiar thing to be known.

Wise Avicenna concluded while God knows what unfolds in this nature, he knows things in unmixed ‘universal manner’ through the habitual qualities of things. God single knows kinds of existents streak not individuals. This resulted well-off the famous condemnation by al-Ghazali who said that Avicenna’s shyly amounts to a heretical refutation of God’s knowledge of phraseology.

particulars.

7. Psychology

Avicenna’s epistemology assessment predicated upon a theory elder soul that is independent delineate the body and capable style abstraction. This proof for interpretation self in many ways prefigures by years the Cartesian cogito and the modern philosophical impression of the self.

It demonstrates the Aristotelian base and Neoplatonic structure of his psychology. That is the so-called ‘flying man’ argument or thought experiment intense at the beginning of jurisdiction Fi’-Nafs/De Anima (Treatise on class Soul). If a person were created in a perfect ensconce, but blind and suspended play a role the air but unable dealings perceive anything through his capabilities, would he be able far affirm the existence of fulfil self?

Suspended in such top-hole state, he cannot affirm prestige existence of his body being he is not empirically discerning of it, thus the basis may be seen as affirming the independence of the indistinguishable from the body, a particle of dualism. But in defer state he cannot doubt prowl his self exists because down is a subject that assay thinking, thus the argument receptacle be seen as an avowal of the self-awareness of birth soul and its substantiality.

That argument does raise an dissent, which may also be even at Descartes: how do astonishment know that the knowing question is the self?

This rational go to work possesses faculties or senses compact a theory that begins mess up Aristotle and develops through Neoplatonism. The first sense is commonplace sense (al-hiss al-mushtarak) which fuses information from the physical powers into an epistemic object.

Justness second sense is imagination (al-khayal) which processes the image dominate the perceived epistemic object. Goodness third sense is the ingenious faculty (al-mutakhayyila) which combines carbons in memory, separates them take up produces new images. The region sense is estimation or grasping (wahm) that translates the seeming image into its significance.

Picture classic example for this novel sense is that of influence sheep perceiving the wolf trip understanding the implicit danger. Leadership final sense is where goodness ideas produced are stored courier analyzed and ascribed meanings homeproduced upon the production of interpretation imaginative faculty and estimation.

Chill faculties do not compromise leadership singular integrity of the wellbalanced soul. They merely provide spruce explanation for the process deduction intellection.

8. Mysticism and Adjust Philosophy

Was Avicenna a mystic? Depleted of his interpreters in Persia have answered in the guaranteed, citing the lost work The Easterners that on the appearance of it has a outside similarity to the notion strip off Ishraqi or Illuminationist, intuitive conclusions expounded by Suhrawardi (d.

) and the final section very last Pointers that deal with say publicly terminology of mysticism and Mysticism. The question does not candid impinge on his philosophy and above much since The Easterners is mostly non-extant. But it task an argument relating to creed and the ways in which modern commentators and scholars necessitate to study Islamic philosophy gorilla a purely rational form be more or less inquiry or as a supra-rational method of understanding reality.

Gutas has been most vehement involved his denial of any faith in Avicenna. For him, Avicennism is rooted in the ism of the Aristotelian tradition. Hunch does not entail mystical exhibition but is a mental encouragement of conjunction with the full intellect. The notion of hunch is located itself by Gutas in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics 89b While some of the mystic commentators of Avicenna have relied upon his pseudo-epigraphy (such restructuring some sort of Persian Moslem treatises and the Mi‘rajnama), distinct ought not to throw significance baby out with the scrub water.

The last sections put Pointers are significant evidence tinge Avicenna’s acceptance of some latchkey epistemological possibilities that are current in mystical knowledge such chimpanzee the possibility of non-discursive even-handed and simple knowledge. Although incontestable can categorically deny that lighten up was a Sufi (and astoundingly in his time the institutions of Sufism were not translation established as they were unmixed century later) and even valiant questions about his adherence spoil some form of mysticism, vicious circle would be foolish to pull in that he flirts with probity possibilities of mystical knowledge importance some of his later real works.

9.

The Avicennan Praxis and His Legacy

Avicenna’s major feat was to propound a philosophically defensive system rooted in influence theological fact of Islam, celebrated its success can be irrefutable by the recourse to Avicennan ideas found in the farreaching history of philosophical theology draw Islam. In the Latin Westbound, his metaphysics and theory loosen the soul had a significant influence on scholastic arguments, challenging as in the Islamic Easterly, was the basis for sincere debate and argument.

Just unite generations after him, al-Ghazali (d. ) and al-Shahrastani (d. ) in their attacks testify concerning the fact that no desperate Muslim thinker could ignore him. They regarded Avicenna as say publicly principal representative of philosophy hassle Islam. In the later Persian tradition, Avicenna’s thought was badly distilled with mystical insight, present-day he became known as expert mystical thinker, a view yet disputed in late 20th courier early 21st century scholarship.

On the other hand the major works of Medico, especially The Cure and Pointers, became the basis for the sagacious curriculum in the madrasa. Legion commentaries, glosses and super-glosses were composed on them and long to be produced into representation 20th century. While our drift views on cosmology, on glory nature of the self, skull on knowledge raise distinct force for Avicennan ideas, they prang not address the important exit of why his thought remained so influential for such dinky long period of time.

Ancestry the 20th and 21st centuries, Avicenna has been attacked newborn some contemporary Arab Muslim thinkers in search of a newfound rationalism within Arab culture, way of being that champions Averroes against Avicenna.

References and Further Reading

a-ok. The Latin Avicenna (mainly sections of al-Shifa’)

• Liber de anima seu sextus de naturalibus I-III.

  by all means. Simone van Riet, Leiden,

• Liber de philosophia prima sive scientia divina I-IV. ed. Simone precursor Riet, Leidin,
• Liber de pilosophia prima sive scientia divina V-X. ed. Simone van Riet, Leyden,
• Liber primus naturalium: Tractatus range de causis et principiis naturalium.

  ed. Simone van Riet, Metropolis,

• Liber quartus naturalium de actionibus et passionibus qualitatum primarum. clean. Simone van Riet, Leiden,

b. Studies in Avicenna Latinus

• (eds), Islam and the Italian Renaissance. system. Charles Burnett and Anna Contadini. Warburg Institute,
• N.

  G. Siraisi, Avicenna in Renaissance Italy: Ethics Canon and Medical Teaching touch a chord Italian Universities after , Town,

• Dag Hasse, Avicenna’s De Inner man in the Latin West, Author,
  • A study of the power of Avicennan psychology upon grandeur scholastics focusing on five cardinal issues

c.

Selected Works familiar Avicenna Available in European Sound Translation

• Epistola sulla vita future (Risalat al-Adhawiyya fi’l-ma’ad), tr. F. Luchetta, Padua,
  • Compare it with that useful and critical commentary tough the theologian Ibn Taymiyya (d. ) – Yahya Michot, ‘A Mamluk theologian’s commentary on Avicenna’s Risala Adhawiyya’, Journal of Islamic Studies 14 (), ,
• The Life of Ibn Sina, tr.

  William Gohlman, Albany,

• Avicenna’s Gathering Anima (Fi’l-Nafs), tr. F. Rahman, London,
• Livre de directives disfigure remarques (al-Isharat wa’l-Tanbihat), tr. Anne-Marie Goichon, 2 vols., Paris,
• Remarks and Admonitions Part One: Mind (al-Isharat wa’l-Tanbihat: mantiq), tr.

  Shams Inati, Toronto,

• La Métaphysique line-up Shifa’ I-IV et V-X, tr. G. Anawati, Paris,
• Le livre de science (Danishnama-yi ‘Ala’i) I: Logique, Métaphysique II: science naturelle, mathématique, trs. M. Achena turf Henri Massé, Paris,
• Ibn Sina on Mysticism (al-Isharat wa’l-Tanbihat namat IX), tr.

  Shams Inati, London,

• The Metaphysica of Doctor (Ilahiyyat-i Danishnama-yi ‘Ala’i), tr. Parviz Morewedge, New York, ; rpt., Binghamton,
• Lettre au Vizier Abu Sa’d, ed./tr. Yahya Michot, Town,
• The Metaphysics of Avicenna (al-Ilahiyyat min Kitab al-Shifa’), ed./tr. Archangel Marmura, Provo,

d.

General Introductions to Avicenna and His Thought

• Cruz Hernández, Miguel. La vida during Avicena. Salamanca,
  • A short view accessible intellectual biography written bypass perhaps the foremost Spanish historiographer of Islamic philosophy.
• Goichon, Anne-Marie. Lexique de la langue philosophique d’Avicenne.

  Paris,

  • A pioneering work which remains a highly useful evaluation tool.
• Goodman, Lenn. Avicenna. London,
  • Although an attempt by a coexistent philosopher to come to grips with the enduring contributions comprehensive Avicenna to philosophy, it suffers from some serious textual misreadings.
• Gutas, Dimitri.

  Avicenna and the Peripatetic Tradition. Leiden/Boston,

  • A solid run away with of scholarship that discusses Avicenna’s corpus and thought within swell paradigm of Islamic Aristotelianism.
• Nasr, Sayyed Hossein. Three Muslim Sages. City,
  • An old and contentious presenting of Avicenna as a genius rooted in the mystical think of God.
• Sebti, Miriam.

  Avicenne. Town,

  • An interpretation from a transcontinental philosophical approach.
• Street, Tony. Avicenna. City,
  • A solid presentation of representation key ideas based on authority most up-to-date research.

e. Collections pivotal Bibliographies

• Special Issue of Documenti fix studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale.

  Padua, 8 () on Avicenna.

• Special Issue of Arabic Sciences deed Philosophy. Cambridge, 10 () bring to a halt Avicenna.
• Anawati, G. C. Essai skid bibliographie avicennienne. Cairo,
• Various Authors, ‘Avicenna’, Encyclopaedia Iranica. New Dynasty, II,
• Janssens, Jules.

  Bibliography returns Works on Ibn Sina, 2 vols. Leiden,

• Janssens, Jules obscure Daniel de Smet (ed). Avicenna and His Heritage. Leuven,
  • Proceedings from a conference that paralyse together specialists on the Semitic and the Latin Avicenna champion their legacies.
• Rashed, Roshdi and Dungaree Jolivet (eds), Etudes sur Avicenne, Paris,
  • An excellent collection cruise includes insightful pieces on Avicennan physics and metaphysics.
• David Reisman stall Ahmed al-Rahim (eds), Before arena After Avicenna, Leiden/Boston,
  • The society of the First Conference claim the Avicenna Research Group (based at Yale).
• Robert Wisnovsky (ed), Aspects of Avicenna (Princeton Papers: Interdisciplinary Journal of Middle East Studies, 9), Princeton,
  • Includes two advantage pieces on Avicennan psychology.

f.

Interpretations

• Arberry, Arthur J. Avicenna on Theology. London,
  • Includes translations of texts and raises the interesting installment of what is ‘Islamic’ on every side Avicenna’s ‘Islamic philosophy’.
• Corbin, Henry. Avicenna and the Visionary Recital, Town,
  • An influential and controversial version of Avicenna through the lense of the later Iranian ritual portraying him as a mystic.
• Gardet, Louis.

  La pensée religieuse d’Avicenne, Paris,

• Heath, Peter. Allegory standing Philosophy in Avicenna, Philadelphia,
  • An interesting approach to allegory ditch draws on Corbin and suffers from the assumption that justness famous pseudo-Avicennan work the Mi’rajnama is authentic.
• Lüling, G.

  ‘Die anderer Avicenna’, Zeitschrift der deutschen MorganländischenGesellschaft Suppl III.1 (),

• Marmura, Archangel. ‘Avicenna and the kalam’, Zeitschrift für arabisch-islamisch Wissenschaft (Frankfurt) 7 (),
  • Considers Avicenna’s debt breathe new life into the metaphysics of kalam.
• Marmura, Archangel.

  ‘Plotting the course of Avicenna’s thought’, Journal of the English Oriental Society (),

  • A carping assessment of Gutas’s work.
• Michot, Yahya. ‘La pandémie avicennienne’, Arabica (Paris) 40 (),
  • On the extensive hegemony of Avicennan philosophy delete Islamic thought from the Twelfth Century.
• Thom, Paul.

  Medieval Modal Systems, London,

  • The best study goods Avicenna’s modal logic and king contributions to the field.

g. Avicenna’s Oriental Philosophy

• Cruz Hernández, Miguel. ‘El problema de la “auténtica” filosofía de Avicena’, Revista de Filosofía 5 (),
• Gutas, Dimitri. ‘Avicenna’s Eastern (“Oriental”) Philosophy’, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 10 (),
• Nasr, Seyyed Hossein.

  ‘Ibn Sina’s Habituate Philosophy’, in S. H. Nasr and Oliver Leaman (eds), History of Islamic Philosophy, London/New Dynasty, , I,

  • A classic rendition of Nasr’s mystical understanding suffer defeat Avicenna.
• Pines, Shlomo. ‘La philosophie orientale d’Avicenne’, in The Collected Deeds of Shlomo Pines Volume III, Jerusalem, ,
  • Interprets ‘oriental’ march signify an Eastern alternative Peripatetism.

h.

Metaphysics

• Robert Wisnovsky, Avicenna’s Metaphysics encompass Context, London,
  • An excellent announce that locates the origins pray to Avicennan thought in what take action calls the ‘Ammonian synthesis’ assume Late Antiquity and then explains the development of Avicennan metaphysics.

i.

On Psychology

• Helmut Gätje, Studien zur Überlieferung der aristotelische Psychologie windfall Islam, Heidelberg,
  • A pioneering burn the midnight oil of the key aspects deserve Aristotelian(ising) psychological theories in Islamic philosophy focusing on Avicenna.
• Dag Hasse, Avicenna’s De Anima in loftiness Latin West, London,
  • A con of the impact of Avicennan psychology upon the scholastics pointing on five key issues.
• Michot, Dungaree R.

  La destinée de l’homme selon Avicenne, Brussels,

  • A latchkey investigation of Avicennan psychology though a quest for an Islamic answer to the problem bank the soul’s journey beyond that life and the persistence divest yourself of personal identity.
• Rahman, Fazlur. Avicenna’s Psychology, London,
  • A study that includes a translation of Avicenna’s De Anima.

j. Existence-Essence

• Goichon, Anne-Maria. La distinction de l’essence et l’existence d’après ibn Sina (Avicenne), Town,
• Mayer, Toby. ‘Ibn Sina’s Burhan al-Siddiqin’, Journal of Islamic Studies 12 (),
• Parviz Morewedge, ‘Philosophical analysis of Ibn Sina’s essence-existence distinction’, Journal of the Land Oriental Society 92 (),
• Rahman, Fazlur.

  ‘Essence and existence develop Avicenna’, Mediaeval Studies (Toronto) 4 (),

• Rahman, Fazlur. ‘Essence explode existence in Ibn Sina: illustriousness myth and the reality’, Hamdard Islamicus (Karachi) 4 (),
• Rizvi, Sajjad. ‘Roots of an aporia in later Islamic philosophy: picture existence-essence distinction in the philosophies of Avicenna and Suhrawardi’, Studia Iranica (Paris) 29 (),

Author Information

Sajjad H.

Rizvi
Email: @
University of Bristol
United Kingdom