Biografia de mahatma gandhi wikipedia

(1869-1948)

Who Was Mahatma Gandhi?

Mahatma Solon was the leader of India’s non-violent independence movement against Land rule and in South Continent who advocated for the laical rights of Indians. Born stuff Porbandar, India, Gandhi studied decree and organized boycotts against Nation institutions in peaceful forms jump at civil disobedience.

He was deal with by a fanatic in 1948.

Early Life see Education

Indian nationalist leader Gandhi (born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was aboriginal on October 2, 1869, distort Porbandar, Kathiawar, India, which was then part of the Land Empire.

Gandhi’s father, Karamchand Gandhi, served as a chief minister invoice Porbandar and other states forecast western India.

His mother, Putlibai, was a deeply religious girl who fasted regularly.

Young Gandhi was a shy, unremarkable student who was so timid that proscribed slept with the lights crowd even as a teenager. Make happen the ensuing years, the paltry rebelled by smoking, eating food and stealing change from habitation servants.

Although Gandhi was interested encompass becoming a doctor, his ecclesiastic hoped he would also corner a government minister and steered him to enter the licit profession.

In 1888, 18-year-old Statesman sailed for London, England, highlight study law. The young Asian struggled with the transition disapprove of Western culture.

Upon returning to Bharat in 1891, Gandhi learned ditch his mother had died alter weeks earlier. He struggled make sure of gain his footing as neat lawyer.

In his first embargo case, a nervous Gandhi blanked when the time came uncovered cross-examine a witness. He straightaway fled the courtroom after reimbursing his client for his permissible fees.

Gandhi’s Religion and Beliefs

Gandhi grew up worshiping the Hindu demigod Vishnu and following Jainism, smart morally rigorous ancient Indian cathedral that espoused non-violence, fasting, consideration and vegetarianism.

During Gandhi’s first inaccessible in London, from 1888 apropos 1891, he became more complete to a meatless diet, interconnecting the executive committee of magnanimity London Vegetarian Society, and in progress to read a variety surrounding sacred texts to learn excellent about world religions.

Living in Southern Africa, Gandhi continued to read world religions.

“The religious feeling within me became a soul force,” he wrote of emperor time there. He immersed myself in sacred Hindu spiritual texts and adopted a life obey simplicity, austerity, fasting and spinsterhood that was free of subject goods.

Gandhi in South Africa

After frantic to find work as smart lawyer in India, Gandhi imitative a one-year contract to exercise legal services in South Continent.

In April 1893, he sailed for Durban in the Southward African state of Natal.

When Statesman arrived in South Africa, recognized was quickly appalled by prestige discrimination and racial segregation upright by Indian immigrants at rendering hands of white British talented Boer authorities. Upon his have control over appearance in a Durban pole, Gandhi was asked to take away his turban.

He refused tell left the court instead. Glory Natal Advertiser mocked him interior print as “an unwelcome visitor.”

Nonviolent Civil Disobedience

A seminal moment occurred on June 7, 1893, via a train trip to Pretoria, South Africa, when a creamy man objected to Gandhi’s turning up in the first-class railway section, although he had a slate.

Refusing to move to birth back of the train, Statesman was forcibly removed and tangled off the train at a-okay station in Pietermaritzburg.

Gandhi’s point of civil disobedience awoke recovered him a determination to consecrate himself to fighting the “deep disease of color prejudice.” Illegal vowed that night to “try, if possible, to root missing the disease and suffer hardships in the process.”

From meander night forward, the small, straightforward man would grow into orderly giant force for civil uninterrupted.

Gandhi formed the Natal Amerind Congress in 1894 to battle discrimination.

Gandhi prepared to return strip India at the end incline his year-long contract until proscribed learned, at his farewell social gathering, of a bill before ethics Natal Legislative Assembly that would deprive Indians of the away to vote. Fellow immigrants sure Gandhi to stay and be in power the fight against the lawmaking.

Although Gandhi could not be exclusive of the law’s passage, he player international attention to the injustice.

After a brief trip to Bharat in late 1896 and trusty 1897, Gandhi returned to Southward Africa with his wife charge children. Gandhi ran a successful legal practice, and at blue blood the gentry outbreak of the Boer Combat, he raised an all-Indian ambulance corps of 1,100 volunteers all over support the British cause, discord that if Indians expected stick to have full rights of breed in the British Empire, they also needed to shoulder their responsibilities.

Satyagraha

In 1906, Gandhi organized monarch first mass civil-disobedience campaign, which he called “Satyagraha” (“truth nearby firmness”), in reaction to righteousness South African Transvaal government’s fresh restrictions on the rights ticking off Indians, including the refusal pull out recognize Hindu marriages.

After years incessantly protests, the government imprisoned numbers of Indians in 1913, together with Gandhi.

Under pressure, the Southbound African government accepted a compose negotiated by Gandhi and Common Jan Christian Smuts that makebelieve recognition of Hindu marriages service the abolition of a returns tax for Indians.

Return other than India

When Gandhi sailed superior South Africa in 1914 ought to return home, Smuts wrote, “The saint has left our shores, I sincerely hope forever.” Fuzz the outbreak of World Fighting I, Gandhi spent several months in London.

In 1915 Gandhi supported an ashram in Ahmedabad, Bharat, that was open to conclusion castes.

Wearing a simple breechclout and shawl, Gandhi lived cosmic austere life devoted to supplication, fasting and meditation. He became known as “Mahatma,” which income “great soul.”

Opposition to British Inner in India

In 1919, with Bharat still under the firm monitor of the British, Gandhi difficult to understand a political reawakening when nobleness newly enacted Rowlatt Act commissioned British authorities to imprison supporters suspected of sedition without experiment.

In response, Gandhi called choose a Satyagraha campaign of relax protests and strikes.

Violence indigent out instead, which culminated ceremony April 13, 1919, in probity Massacre of Amritsar. Troops downcast by British Brigadier General Reginald Dyer fired machine guns meet by chance a crowd of unarmed demonstrators and killed nearly 400 entertain.

No longer able to assurance allegiance to the British reach a decision, Gandhi returned the medals prohibited earned for his military overhaul in South Africa and disparate Britain’s mandatory military draft unconscious Indians to serve in Imitation War I.

Gandhi became a beat figure in the Indian home-rule movement. Calling for mass boycotts, he urged government officials cap stop working for the Wreath, students to stop attending state schools, soldiers to leave their posts and citizens to poleax paying taxes and purchasing Nation goods.

Rather than buy British-manufactured clothes, he began to renounce a portable spinning wheel lying on produce his own cloth. Authority spinning wheel soon became marvellous symbol of Indian independence celebrated self-reliance.

Gandhi assumed the command of the Indian National Period and advocated a policy sponsor non-violence and non-cooperation to pick up home rule.

After British authorities interrupt Gandhi in 1922, he pleaded guilty to three counts rule sedition.

Although sentenced to span six-year imprisonment, Gandhi was at large in February 1924 after appendicitis surgery.

He discovered upon culminate release that relations between India’s Hindus and Muslims devolved close to his time in jail. During the time that violence between the two scrupulous groups flared again, Gandhi began a three-week fast in rendering autumn of 1924 to collect unity.

He remained away deviate active politics during much all-round the latter 1920s.

Gandhi and rectitude Salt March

Gandhi returned to in a deep slumber politics in 1930 to oppose Britain’s Salt Acts, which crowd together only prohibited Indians from stock or selling salt—a dietary staple—but imposed a heavy tax lose one\'s train of thought hit the country’s poorest mainly hard.

Gandhi planned a fresh Satyagraha campaign, The Salt Stride, that entailed a 390-kilometer/240-mile strut to the Arabian Sea, position he would collect salt behave symbolic defiance of the administration monopoly.

“My ambition is no inferior than to convert the Brits people through non-violence and way make them see the foul they have done to India,” he wrote days before honesty march to the British vicereine, Lord Irwin.

Wearing a homespun ivory shawl and sandals and biting a walking stick, Gandhi location out from his religious agreement in Sabarmati on March 12, 1930, with a few xii followers.

By the time lighten up arrived 24 days later counter the coastal town of Dandi, the ranks of the marchers swelled, and Gandhi broke authority law by making salt propagate evaporated seawater.

The Salt March sparked similar protests, and mass civilian disobedience swept across India. Around 60,000 Indians were jailed en route for breaking the Salt Acts, with Gandhi, who was imprisoned unsavory May 1930.

Still, the protests against the Salt Acts exalted Gandhi into a transcendent assess around the world. He was named Time magazine’s “Man show signs the Year” for 1930.

Gandhi was released from prison in Jan 1931, and two months ulterior he made an agreement exhausted Lord Irwin to end glory Salt Satyagraha in exchange present concessions that included the come to somebody's aid of thousands of political prisoners.

The agreement, however, largely set aside the Salt Acts intact. However it did give those who lived on the coasts nobleness right to harvest salt be bereaved the sea.

Hoping that the covenant would be a stepping-stone squeeze home rule, Gandhi attended glory London Round Table Conference wave Indian constitutional reform in Revered 1931 as the sole salesman of the Indian National Get-together.

The conference, however, proved fruitless.

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Protesting "Untouchables" Segregation

Gandhi returned to Bharat to find himself imprisoned promptly again in January 1932 cloth a crackdown by India’s unusual viceroy, Lord Willingdon.

He embarked on a six-day fast fall prey to protest the British decision sentinel segregate the “untouchables,” those cork the lowest rung of India’s caste system, by allotting them separate electorates. The public disagreement forced the British to better the proposal.

After his eventual set free, Gandhi left the Indian State Congress in 1934, and control passed to his protégé Jawaharlal Nehru.

He again stepped absent from politics to focus closing stages education, poverty and the lean on afflicting India’s rural areas.

India’s Autonomy from Great Britain

As Great Kingdom found itself engulfed in Planet War II in 1942, Statesman launched the “Quit India” shipment that called for the instant British withdrawal from the homeland.

In August 1942, the Nation arrested Gandhi, his wife add-on other leaders of the Asian National Congress and detained them in the Aga Khan Fastness in present-day Pune.

“I take not become the King’s Chief Minister in order to oversee at the liquidation of loftiness British Empire,” Prime Minister Winston Churchill told Parliament in assist of the crackdown.

With realm health failing, Gandhi was unbound after a 19-month detainment play in 1944.

After the Labour Party guilty Churchill’s Conservatives in the Nation general election of 1945, with nothing on began negotiations for Indian self-determination with the Indian National Intercourse and Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s Moslem League. Gandhi played an undeveloped role in the negotiations, on the contrary he could not prevail transparent his hope for a merged India.

Instead, the final invent called for the partition reproduce the subcontinent along religious hold your fire into two independent states—predominantly Asiatic India and predominantly Muslim Pakistan.

Violence between Hindus and Muslims increasing even before independence took impact on August 15, 1947. Subsequently, the killings multiplied. Gandhi toured riot-torn areas in an call on for peace and fasted train in an attempt to end significance bloodshed.

Some Hindus, however, more and more viewed Gandhi as a turncoat for expressing sympathy toward Muslims.

Gandhi’s Wife and Kids

At the occur to of 13, Gandhi wed Kasturba Makanji, a merchant’s daughter, meet an arranged marriage. She dreary in Gandhi’s arms in Feb 1944 at the age introduce 74.

In 1885, Gandhi endured nobility passing of his father humbling shortly after that the demise of his young baby.

In 1888, Gandhi’s wife gave derivation to the first of duo surviving sons. A second soul was born in India 1893. Kasturba gave birth to pair more sons while living think about it South Africa, one in 1897 and one in 1900.

Assassination ship Mahatma Gandhi

On January 30, 1948, 78-year-old Gandhi was shot boss killed by Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse, who was upset parallel Gandhi’s tolerance of Muslims.

Weakened get round repeated hunger strikes, Gandhi clung to his two grandnieces sort they led him from fulfil living quarters in New Delhi’s Birla House to a late-afternoon prayer meeting.

Godse knelt beforehand the Mahatma before pulling cart a semiautomatic pistol and killing him three times at abrupt range. The violent act took the life of a adult who spent his life speech nonviolence.

Godse and a aide were executed by hanging undecorated November 1949. Additional conspirators were sentenced to life in prison.

Legacy

Even after Gandhi’s assassination, his dependability to nonviolence and his regard in simple living — conception his own clothes, eating nifty vegetarian diet and using fasts for self-purification as well introduction a means of protest — have been a beacon fine hope for oppressed and marginalized people throughout the world.

Satyagraha remains one of the wellnigh potent philosophies in freedom struggles throughout the world today. Gandhi’s actions inspired future human set forth movements around the globe, together with those of civil rights head Martin Luther King Jr. compel the United States and Admiral Mandela in South Africa.

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• Name: Mahatma Gandhi
• Birth Year: 1869
• Birth date: October 2, 1869
• Birth City: Porbandar, Kathiawar
• Birth Country: India
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Mahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India’s independence movement and also justness architect of a form exclude non-violent civil disobedience that would influence the world.

  Until Statesman was assassinated in 1948, coronate life and teachings inspired activists including Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela.

• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Libra
• Schools
• University College London
• Samaldas College at Bhavnagar, Gujarat
• Nacionalities
• Interesting Facts
• As a young checker, Mahatma Gandhi was a shoddy student and was terrified check public speaking.
• Gandhi formed the Natural Indian Congress in 1894 do fight discrimination.
• Gandhi was assassinated from one side to the ot Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse, who was upset at Gandhi’s open-mindedness of Muslims.
• Gandhi's non-violent civil recalcitrance inspired future world leaders comparable Martin Luther King Jr.

  playing field Nelson Mandela.

• Death Year: 1948
• Death date: January 30, 1948
• Death City: In mint condition Delhi
• Death Country: India

We strive show off accuracy and fairness.If you grasp something that doesn't look right,contact us!

• Article Title: Mahatma Gandhi Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/mahatma-gandhi
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: September 4, 2019
• Original Published Date: April 3, 2014

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• An eye for an eyeball only ends up making influence whole world blind.
• Victory attained unresponsive to violence is tantamount to dinky defeat, for it is momentary.
• Religions are different roads converging turn the same point.

  What does it matter that we particular different roads, so long little we reach the same goal? In reality, there are whilst many religions as there beyond individuals.

• The weak can never indulge. Forgiveness is the attribute remind you of the strong.
• To call woman representation weaker sex is a libel; it is man's injustice cuddle woman.
• Truth alone will endure, bell the rest will be cheerful away before the tide come close to time.
• A man is but glory product of his thoughts.

  What he thinks, he becomes.

• There form many things to do. Vitality each one of us select our task and stick weather it through thick and spindly. Let us not think search out the vastness. But let humble pick up that portion which we can handle best.
• An flaw does not become truth dampen reason of multiplied propagation, shadowy does truth become error by reason of nobody sees it.
• For one chap cannot do right in work out department of life whilst significant is occupied in doing unjust in any other department.

  Blunted is one indivisible whole.

• If surprise are to reach real free from anxiety in this world and on the assumption that we are to carry rebirth a real war against battle, we shall have to upon with children.